Finding the descendants of John Liming II

Since January, I have been searching for all the direct living descendants of John Liming II on ancestry, in the same way I searched for William Liming's descendants in 2014. I am not done with John's branch yet but here are the numbers so far... I hit 300 yesterday!!!! Yes there are 300 trees of people who directly descend from John Liming II.

The current number of descendants from William Liming stands at 358, but again that may not be all of them either.

So what am I doing to find all these people?? I have developed a search pattern using the member connect feature on ancestry primarily and also photo's. I already had 3 generations of John Liming II in my tree with info taken from Steve Liming's 2004 book and Ruth Hall's website. I also have the lineages of the 3 men who have taken Y-DNA tests from John Liming II in my tree down to those living men. I also have made notes as to the major tree discrepancy debate concerning which Thomas Liming B1718 or B1742 married Sarah Cox and Elizabeth Anderson. (a 50+ year debate).

So based on John Liming II's Will we know that he had the following children: William, John, Thomas, Dewilde, Henry, Keziah, Dinah, Sarah and Mary. So I will look at each person's profile starting with William and click on the member connect button. On this screen I see 2 numbers, how many people I have already connected my tree with and how many more also have William in their tree. This number is large like over 200 people. The first thing I do is go through those people I have already connect my tree too. What I am looking for with each person is are they a direct descendant or is the Liming family a side branch in their tree. To do this I click on William's name in their tree where it is a link by their user name and tree name. This takes me to their tree and to William's profile page in their tree. Then in the search box on the right I click "go to home person". Usually this is the person who started the tree or their parent and they are living so all is private, this is the best case scenario. If there is a child under the home person them, click on one of the them and then click on "see family tree". Now you can see 4 generations of people, look to see if there is a Leming/Liming here, if there is then they are directly related.

If you do not see the surname in the first 4 generations then I expand each person to see another 4 generations to see if the surname is there. If not there then I assume that this in not a direct descendant. I hold down my back arrow to see the member connect page and go back there and ignore or remove this tree. If they were a direct descendant then I add them.

For those that are descendants, I keep an excel file, where I put the username of the tree, the first connecting Leming/Liming person name, which branch William, JohnII and then the link of that connecting person's profile page. I want to be able to come back to the tree and the person later to do more followup. With someone this high up in the tree there are going to be a lot of possible connections.

I look at each tree of a descendant and look at the profiles of the direct lineage. I will add their direct lineage to my tree if they have followed the records trail and I can follow it too. I can see where the trail starts to get thin, where mistakes creep in, where they copied another tree, where a lot of work needs to be done to prove a connection. If there person who owns the tree is a man with the Liming/Leming surname I will email them and ask if they have done any DNA testing to prove their connection to the family and would they be willing to do Y-Testing. Again only 3 lines have been Y-DNA tested on John Liming II's branch and 7-8 on William's branch.

As for the photo's whenever I go to a new person's tree and they have a photo or document linked, I click on the photo to see who else has linked to this image and check the usernames to my excel file. If I don't have then on the accept list or the reject list I will look at their tree.

When I get the society website up and running the way I want it too I will be sending an email to each of the descendants I have found to come and register on the site. Hoping this blog will also bring new descendants in too.

Have a great day and keep diggin
Kari

Prudence Wainwright 1660 - 1716

Prudence was born about 1660, in Middletown Township, Monmouth, Colony of New Jersey, British Colonial America. Her parents were Thomas W Wainwright II and Alice Havens. Prudence was the first of two known children.

Childbirth

Prudence's mother assumed significant risks when she gave birth to her. At a time when the mothers around Prudence gave birth to anywhere between six and eight children, as many as 20%-30% of their babies died before age two. Many children who survived this dangerous life stage still succumbed to diseases like smallpox, influenza, or measles. A general lack of doctors along with the popular belief that it was indecent for a man to be present during childbirth meant that midwives performed the majority of in-home births, with no painkillers to assist the mother aside from alcohol. Another belief in Prudence's community stated that hard work made for easier labor; therefore women spun thread, wove clothing, and performed heavy lifting while pregnant.

Brother Nicholas Wainwright born, 1662

Prudence's brother, Nicholas, was born when Prudence was 2 years old.

Childhood

Prudence's society molded childhood around work and learning. Parents in Prudence's community often displayed modern ideas of harsh or abusive behavior, but, at the time, proved necessary to the family's survival. Generally, mothers breastfed their infants until about one year old, then graduating their child to adult beverages, such as beer. Girls as young as four worked alongside their mothers learning to cook, sew, and milk cows. At around eight years old, boys attended grammar schools for writing and arithmetic. Education for girls, however, placed second behind learning her household duties. Girls learned to spin, knit, and cook, while boys learned to use a gun, compass, and the axe.

Marries John Liming, 1680

In 1680, Prudence was 20 when she married John Liming who was 33 at the time. They were married in Middletown Township, Monmouth, Colony of New Jersey, British Colonial America.

Son John born, 1683

In 1683, Prudence's son, John, was born when Prudence was 23 years old. The family was living in Freehold Township, Monmouth, Colony of New Jersey, British Colonial America at the time.

Son William born, 1686

In 1686, Prudence's son, William, was born when Prudence was 26 years old. The family was living in Upper Freehold Township, Monmouth, Colony of New Jersey, British Colonial America at the time.

Son Thomas is born, 1689

John and Prudence youngest son, Thomas, is born in Upper Freehold Township, Monmouth County, New Jersey.

John Liming dies, 1696

When Prudence was 36, her husband John Liming passed away in Freehold Township, Monmouth, Colony of New Jersey, British Colonial America at the age of 49. They were married for 16 years. His date of death is based on the deed between Prudence and her father, in which Prudence is called a widow.

Thomas Wainright to Prudence Liming, 1697

Book D of Deeds Page 8, 9; Monmouth County Hall of Records, Freehold, Monmouth County, New Jersey. A record of a Deed of Sale from Thomas Wainwright to Prudence Limming.

This indenture the fourteenth day of July in ye yeare of our Lord one Thousand six hundred ninety and seven, Between Thomas Wainwright of the Town of Shrewsbury in ye County of Monmouth and province of East New Jersey yeoman on ye one part and Prudence Limming of ye Town of Middletown in the County province aforesaid widdow on the other part: Witnesseth that ye said Thomas Wainwright and Alce his wife for and in consideration of ye sum of fourteen pounds current money of ye province aforesaid to them in hand paid by the said Pruddence Limming at or before ye ensealing and delivery of these presents the receipt where of ye said Thomas Wainwright do hereby acknowleidg and thereof and of and from every part and parcell thereof do fully clearly and absolutely acquitt, exonerate, and discharge ye said Prudence Limming her heirs, executors and administrators firmly by these presents; And he the said Thomas Wainwright and Alce his wife have given, granted, bargained, sold, aliened, infeoffed and confirmed and by these presents do give, grant, bargain, sell, alien, enfoeff and confirm unto ye said Prudence Limming her heirs and assigns forever: All that Tract of land scituate, lying and being in ye Town of Shrewsbury aforesaid, Begining where ye Pine brook runs into ye full brook, thence runing South up the said brook seventy chains to a white oak tree marked on three sides, thence running west fifteen chains, thence runing North to a chestnutt tree standing by a brook that runs to the Iron Works mark't on three sides thence by ye said brook, to the place where it began, bounded west by Thomas Wainwright, North by ye falls brook, East by ye Pine Brook and South by unsurveyed Land, also the fourth part of a peece of meadow that lyes up ye said pine meadow: Together with all and all manner of meadows, feeding, pastures, common of pasture woods, underwoods, trees, waters, water cources, ponds, pooles, pitts, easements, proffitts, commodities, fishing, fowlling, hawking, hunting, mines, mineralls, Royalties, franchizes and appurtenances whatsoever and all ye estate, right, title, interest, property, claim and Demand whatsoever of ye said Thomas Wainwright and Alce his wife in and unto the said premises, and every part and parcell thereof and ye revertion, and revertions, remainder and remainders of all and singular ye said premises, and every of their rights, members, and appurtenances: Together with all escipts, and writings touching or only concerning ye said premises unto ye said Prudence Liming her heirs and assigns forever, To have and to hold ye said tract of land and premises with their and every of their appurtenences unto ye said Prudence Limming, her heirs and assigns forever to ye only proper use, benefit and behoof of ye said Prudence Limming her heirs and assigns forever, and ye said Thomas Wainwright and Alce his wife do covenant, grant, promise and agree to and with the said Pruddence Limming her heirs and assigns, that he ye said Thomas Wainwright his heirs, executors and administrators forand during ye Term, Time and space of seven years now next ensuing, at and upon the resonable request, cost, and charges in ye law of ye said Prudence Limming her heirs and assigns make, do, and execute unto ye said Prudence Limming her heirs and assigns all such further and other reasonable acts and Things, conveyances and assurances in the Law whatsoever for the further and better assuring and sure makeing for ye said Tract of land and premises hereby granted unto ye said Prudence Limming her heirs and assigns as by her ye said Prudence Limming her heirs and assigns her or their councill learned in the law shall resonablely be devised, advised or required in manner and form following that is to say, that he ye said Thomas Wainwright and Alce his wife on ye Day or ye Date hereof is lawfully and absolutely seized of and in ye said Tract of land and premises herein before mentioned and intended to be hereby granted and every part and parcell thereof with ye appurtenances of a good, sure, lawfully, perfect and indefeezable estate of Inheritance in fee simple without any condition, Trust, power of revocation or limitation of any use or uses or any other restraint, matter or thing to alter, charge, chaing, incumber or hurt ye same estate, And hath or have in theselves full power, good right and lawfull authority to grant and convey ye said tract of land and premises with their and every of their appurtenances unto ye said Prudence Limming her heirs and assigns according to the true intent and meaning of these presents; And that ye said Tract of land and premises are free and discharged of and from all former or other titles, charges, mortgages, Dowers, intails and in cumberances whatsoever: The Propriator Quitt rents only excepted and reserved. In witness wherof ye above said Thomas Wainwright and Alce his wife hath hereunto sett their hands and fixed their seales this ye Day and yeare first above written and in ye Ninth Yeare of his Majesties raign William by ye grace of God King over England etc.

Signed, Sealed and Delivered and the consideration money owned to be
received in presence of the mark of
Catherine C. Brown
Andria Webley
Tho Webley

Thomas Wainwright
Alce Wainwright, her mark
July 15 anno Domini 1697
Thomas Wainwright and Alce his wife did acknowleidg ye within written instrument to be their acts and Deeds.

Thomas W Wainwright II dies, 1697

Prudence's father Thomas W Wainwright II passed away in Shrewsbury Township, Monmouth, Colony of New Jersey, British Colonial America at the age of 50. Prudence was 37.

Alice Havens dies, after 1697

Prudence's mother Alice Havens Wainwright passed away in Shrewsbury Township, Monmouth, Colony of New Jersey, British Colonial America after her husband exact date unknown.

Prudence dies, 1716

Prudence died when she was 56 years old in Middletown Township, Monmouth, Colony of New Jersey, British Colonial America.

Sent DNA match data to English Origenes

So a couple of years ago, I read about this guy in England who was using Y-DNA match lists and comparing them to historical county, district, parish, town, village records. He was trying to see where in the country all the names on a match list all coincided together the closest.

When my uncle did DNA testing, he was matched with some people who had the Lemons/Lemmon/Leming/Liming surname and a whole lot of other people who had different surnames. What Origenes does is, compares his database of historical records with surnames and location,  then enters in the DNA match list for each marker set 111, 67, 37, 25, 12. Then it finds the locations where they overlap the most. The goal is to pinpoint the area where a family is from in England, Ireland and Scotland.

He does the analysis for free and then you purchase the final report, based on the time spent and how large the report is.

This has been in the back of my mind to do it, just never got around to getting all the files together to send till this morning.

I put all the excel match files in a folder on dropbox and shared it with him. He let me know that he got the files today. He also let me know that if we do get a successful location hit, he will assist in locating living people in the same are to do more testing and see if there is a living Lemons/Lemmon/Leming/Liming who may be our very distant cousin, and the key to unlocking our British history.

I am excited to see if anything can be found and where it might be. Many people have speculated that we come from the area near the town of Lyminge in York. We will see!!!

Dealing with Scamps, Scoundrels, Skaliwags, and Criminals in my tree.

My quest to find all the living descendants of John Lyming has created a large tree, 8000+ people and growing all the time. I have found some not so good things about our family along the way. Heart Disease and Strokes are rampant killers in our family. The mental illness of depression runs in the family, just this week I got word of a cousin who attempted suicide and shocked his family, who had no idea he was suffering so bad. 

There were also some who abandoned their families, were charged with desertion during war time, charged with other crimes and served time, had feuds with family members or neighbors.  

When writing profiles I struggle with how much of the truth to tell, one can get sucked into only wanting to paint an idealist view of your ancestors.  And I fear that writing the whole unadulterated truth based on the records and sources in an impartial way, but later finding out that this is painful for a living descendant and losing them as a contact.

Is there middle ground? 

And then there is this question, how can I even bring myself to write about my parents. The pain they caused me during my childhood, as a young adult and even at the time of my mother's death, has required years of therapy, and lots of anti-depression meds. The more I learn about them the more I realize that I did not know them at all, and that my memories were painted by my mother's power of denial. I am not saying there were never any good times, there were. But they have been overshadowed by the pain of rejection and being cast out of their lives forever, 23 years ago for being gay. 

I am working on my tree everyday, and for a long time I did not have my parents photo's in the tree so that I did not have to look at them. But after my mother died, and the weight of her rejection lifted, I was able to look at a photo and not want to throw up. Now almost 8 years later I can look and not feel anything for the most part, they are just part of the tree. 

My father never wrote an obituary for my mother, so I did it to put on her Find A Grave page I made for her. I submitted it to her high school alumni website and it was posted there. 

When I wrote my book "Lemons of Tennessee, Descendants of Levi Lemmons b.1785" I felt I had to write on their profile page for the book. So I wrote "only the facts mam" type of profile for them. I am fairly sure that the EMDR therapy I did 5 years ago was what allowed me to do that and not be triggered back in to a depression. 

I am hoping to hear how others deal with the Scamps, Scoundrels, Skaliwags, and Criminals in your trees when writing profiles. 

KFL
"Lemons of Tennessee, Descendants of Levi Lemmons b.1785"  http://www.amazon.com/dp/0991599705

My Quest

My Quest for the last couple of years has been to find all the living descendants of John Liming. I have been searching on ancestry.com and added the 400th username this week. I have created an excel file and added each person's username,  name of connecting Liming ancestor, which of John's sons branches, John II or William, and emails if I can get them. I ask for their name and birthdate/location so that I can add them to my master Liming tree. Lastly I ask if they have taken or will consider taking a DNA test and join the Lemon DNA project at Family Tree DNA.


Why am I on this quest? I have wanted for many years to start an official Liming Family Society. All the people I find are potential members if the organization gets started.
So if you are a descendant, follow this blog, leave a comment, contact me. Who is your connecting Liming/Leming/Lemmons/Lemons ancestor?
In the first post I made to the blog yesterday, I posted a profile of my immigrant ancestor John Liming/Lyming. To make the profile I used a combination of my records and sources and a new website called historylines.com.  History Lines works by generating contextual historical paragraphs based on the dates that are entered for each person's facts in a tree and the sources used.  It makes creating profiles like this pretty easy to do. 
I have tried a couple of other genealogy story generating software before, but I like this one alot. With the promo code SHARE40 get one year for $35 instead of the $59 regular annual subscription. The code is good till the 19th.

1. Immigrant John Liming (1647-1697)

John born, 1647

John was born in 1647, in England. This date is based on the indenture record. He was indentured for 8 years in 1661. It was the practice to indenture a minor till the age of 21.

Southeast England, 1647

The southeast region of England is located near London, and large parts of the region hug the English Channel. This area is predominantly flat with isolated hills. Many towns that are located in the southeast region are port towns that focus their industries on trade. Many members of communities like John's worked in one of these port towns in an occupation related to trade.

English Civil War

Cromwell at Dunbar

Cromwell at Dunbar

John was born during the English Civil War (1642–1651). This war was a series of armed conflicts and political machinations between Parliamentarians ("Roundheads") and Royalists ("Cavaliers") in the Kingdom of England over, principally, the manner of its government. The first (1642–46) and second (1648–49) wars pitted the supporters of King Charles I against the supporters of the Long Parliament, while the third (1649–51) saw fighting between supporters of King Charles II and supporters of the Rump Parliament. The war ended with the Parliamentarian victory at the Battle of Worcester on 3 September 1651. 

The overall outcome of the war was threefold: the trial and execution of Charles I; the exile of his son, Charles II; and the replacement of English monarchy with, at first, the Commonwealth of England (1649–53) and then the Protectorate (1653–59) under Oliver Cromwell's personal rule. The monopoly of the Church of England on Christian worship in England ended with the victors consolidating the established Protestant Ascendancy in Ireland. Constitutionally, the wars established the precedent that an English monarch cannot govern without Parliament's consent, although this concept was legally established only as part of the 1660 Reformation of King Charles II and the Glorious Revolution in 1688. 

The aftermath of the conflicts were devastating to England, Scotland and Ireland in terms of the death of it's people and the destruction of crops and infrastructure. In England an estimate of 190,000 dead is achieved, out of a total population of about five million. In Scotland an estimate of 60,000 people is achieved, from a population of about one million. And in Ireland an estimated total of 616,000 dead, from a pre-war population of about one and a half million or 41% of it's population died. Many of these deaths were from disease and starvation. Thousands of orphan children were sent to the colonies as indentured servants as a result of the war, this may be what happened to John. 
*Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_Civil_War

Religion
During John's life, religious and political affiliations were nearly one and the same, as England was caught in a power struggle between Catholic and Protestant values and leadership. For much of the 1600s, all British subjects, including John and his family, were forced to belong to the Church of England. 

With the Puritans, Quakers, and Baptists also gaining new followers, Parliament sought new ways to establish the dominance of Anglicanism while still fighting the old Catholic establishment. These efforts eventually culminated in the dramatic deposition of King James II in the Glorious Revolution, and the establishment of the English Bill of Rights--which made it so that no Catholic could become King or Queen of England.

Commonwealth Ends, 1660

After the execution of King Charles I, the rise of Puritan ideals in England drove the country to abandon the monarchy and instead institute a new government called the Commonwealth of England. Under the new Commonwealth, John was forced to obey restrictive laws passed by the new Parliament that governed his moral behavior. These legislative acts forced closure of theaters and required strict observance of the Sabbath day (Sunday). The laws angered many people in John's community and caused divisions within the government. Oliver Cromwell's successor as the leader of the Commonwealth was unable to rule due to a lack of support, ultimately leading to the end of the Commonwealth of England and the return of the monarchy. King Charles II was reinstated as King in 1660 when John was 13 years old.

Indentured Servant to Joseph Hardwick, 1661

The records indicate that John left Dover, England on September 16, 1661, sailing on the Nevis Merchant, a ship heading for Nevis Island of the Leeward Group in the Caribbean. The Nevis Merchant was owned by the Hardwick Family. John worked on Nevis Island for about eight years as an indentured servant to Joseph Hardwick. 

*Source: A Comprehensive Listing Compiled from English Public Records of Those Who Took Ship to the Americas for Political, Religious, and Economic Reasons; of Those Who Were Deported for Vagrancy, Roguery, or Non-Conformity; and of Those Who Were Sold to Labour in the New Colonies, 1661-1699. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co.  1990. 894p. 

Immigration to Colonies, 1675

1675: John Liming, received a patent from Edmund Andros Esq. for 300 acres in Whorekill, Delaware.

Source:Original Land Titles in Delaware, Commonly Known as the Duke of York Records . . . 1646 to 1679. (1899. Reprint, Westminster, Maryland: Family Line Publications, 1988.) (FHL Collection book 975.1 R2o) Transcript with index

Delaware, 1675

During the 1600s, many immigrants from England relocated to Delaware in search of religious freedom. Delaware is small and swampy with sandy beaches, and is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the east. Its proximity to the water facilitated trade, shipbuilding, and fishing during this time. With only around 1,000 settlers living in Delaware during the 1600s, John's community consisted mostly of merchants, farmers, and fishermen.

Marries Prudence Wainwright, 1680

About 1680, John was about 33, he married Prudence Wainwright (1660 – 1716) who was 20 at the time, in Middletown, Monmouth, NJ. She was the daughter of Thomas Wainwright and Alice Havens, born about 1660 in Middletown, Monmouth, NJ. and died after 1716 in Middletown, Monmouth, NJ.

New Jersey, 1680

During the 1600s, many immigrants from England came to New Jersey in search of religious freedom. New Jersey is a small state with swamps and sandy beaches making up its terrain. To the east is the Atlantic Ocean, which facilitated trade, shipbuilding, and fishing during this time. Only around 3,000 settlers lived in New Jersey during the 1600s; John would have lived and worked with fishermen, merchants, and farmers.

Livestock Eare Mark, 1681

Middletown Town Book: "It was Mutialy a greed betwene Jonathon Holmes and John Lemon that John Lemon Should Injoy Jonathon Holmes his Eare Mark formerly Recorded in the Towne book for the sd Lemons one Eare Mark"

Source: The old Middletown town book, 1667 to 1700; The records of Quaker marriages at Shrewsbury, 1667 to 1731; The burying grounds of old Monmouth by Stillwell, John E. (John Edwin), 1853-1930; Middletown (N.J.) Published 1906. https://archive.org/stream/cu31924028855217#page/n44/mode/1up

1st Son John born, 1683

In 1683, John's son, John, was born when John was 36 years old. The family was living in Freehold Township, Monmouth, Colony of New Jersey, British Colonial America at the time.

Transportation

During John's life, slow and expensive transportation plagued early America and hindered the movement of goods and people around the country. While some fortunate Americans rode buggies, the main modes of transportation were by horse or foot. During this time, walking from New York to Boston took three to five days. For the most part, only government officials and merchants endured the difficulties of travel, especially with the risks of poor weather and personal injury but, if necessary, men and women alike journeyed extraordinary distances for supplies or to visit family and friends.

2nd Son William born, 1686

In 1686, John's son, William, was born when John was 39 years old. The family was living in Upper Freehold Township, Monmouth, Colony of New Jersey, British Colonial America at the time.

Communication

During John's lifetime, books were hard to come by. Doctors and universities owned small private collections of books, but they were not available to members of the general public. Since newspapers were not common in the 1600s, John and his neighbors only received news by word of mouth. John's wealthiest friends were the ones who had the most access to new information and current events.

Long distance communication was especially difficult for people that lived outside of New York, Boston, and Philadelphia, since postal services were mostly available only in those cities. Many of John's neighbors relied on friends or traveling merchants to send messages across the colonies.

3rd child Thomas Liming

In 1689, Thomas Liming was born to John and Prudence. The family was living in Upper Freehold Township, Monmouth, Colony of New Jersey, British Colonial America at the time.

Politics

The 17th century delivered a unique experience to John and his fellow colonists starting new lives in the American Colonies. Even though the British Crown still ruled the the colonies, the heads of local religions controlled regional governments. Lawsuits occurred frequently and many religious colonists participated in the courts. In England, aristocrats dominated politics whereas in the Colonies, white men of varied socioeconomic backgrounds governed. Most free, white landowners around John voted, but women did not have the right.

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2nd Eare Mark, 1689

"It was mutually agreed between Obadiah Holmes the younger and John Lemon that the marke formerly recorded for Jonathon Holmes the Elder Should Stand his sons Obidiahs that John Lemons marke is now as followeth: A crop one the right Eare and a square cut"

Source: The old Middletown town book, 1667 to 1700; The records of Quaker marriages at Shrewsbury, 1667 to 1731; The burying grounds of old Monmouth by Stillwell, John E. (John Edwin), 1853-1930; Middletown (N.J.) Published 1906. https://archive.org/stream/cu31924028855217#page/n44/mode/1up

Commerce

Many people around John practiced subsistence farming due to the geography of the colonies. There were also a variety of other jobs available, such as lumberjacks, blacksmiths, and shoemakers, so it was common for many of John's friends and neighbors to trade or barter for food in exchange for goods and services from craftsmen.

Pounds, shillings, and pence were the common currency that John and his neighbors used since the colonies were still under control of the British empire. Colonists used some paper money as well, but it was illegal for people in America to print money. In response, many colonists like John relied on the bartering system.

Taxes were commonplace in the English colonies during John's lifetime. The colonies were taxed without any form of representation in Parliament, which greatly irritated those around John.

John dies, 1697

John died when he was 50 years old in Freehold Township, Monmouth, Colony of New Jersey, British Colonial America. No will is found for John or Prudence in the Early NJ Wills book. The date of when John died have been speculated for many years. But a document between Prudence and her father was found that helped narrow down the date. Her father, Thomas Wainwright II, as part of writing his will, decided to divide and gift his land to Prudence and her brother Nicholas. In the land transfer of 1697 it states that Prudence was a widow. To see the document go to Prudence's story.